Sodium-ion battery is a potential alternative to the lithium-ion battery and promising next-generation large-scale energy storage device because of the wide distribution and low cost of the sodium element. However, a stable anode material with sufficient storage capacity of sodium is still not developed. Here, we focus on exploring carbon-based anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, aiming to obtain a quanlitative understanding of the properties of carbon-based materials that determines the capacity of a sodium-ion battery, and to develop a potential anode material.